It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Trackless mining methods mms audits of trackless mining. Classification of underground mining methods mineral production in which all extracting operations are conducted beneath the ground surface is termed underground mining. Mining methods the phenomenal rise in coal production, nearly sixfold in the past three decades, necessitated rapid but judicious mechanization of mining methods.
Dec 20, 2017 this feature is not available right now. However, labor is costly, and manual mining tech niques are inefficient. The modern industry has evolved by incorporating gradual improve. The first paper, trackless mining atprieska copper mine,was presented in two parts. We specialize in the supply of spare parts, major components and consumables of all types for trackless equipment we supply spares for most known brands of underground trackless equipment at. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. The extraction of pillars, largely by trackless mining methods, at randfontein estates gold mining company witwatersrand ltd by cam albert foster sweet a disertation submitted to the faculty of engineering, university of the vtwatersrand for the degree master of science in engineering july 1998. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing and milling equipment, we offer advanced, rational solutions for any sizereduction requirements, including quarry, aggregate, grinding production and complete stone crushing plant. Japanese engineers have pioneered methods for prelocating troublesome rock and water conditions. Triple m mining pty ltd is also proud of our expertise in trackless and mechanized mining method s as well as fleet sourcing and maintenance disciplines. Pdf mining methods underground mining mayra garcia.
Mining industry response to the book continues to be incredible. The trackless entry decline is a practical alternative if the portal location lies in. Review of successes and failures of mechanisation trials on. With over 900 exhibitors across the indoor and outdoor. Agenda geological concepts mining methods mineral processing methods mine waste management mining and money a future of mining. Allowing the mine to achieve trackless mechanised stoping at heights below 1. Grobler, general manager atprieska, discussed thehistory ofthemineand the considerations that led to the adoption of a trackless system of mining. Optimisation of a mechanised platinum mining section. Maintenance represents a significant proportion of the overall operating costs in the mining industry. As it has been for 12 years, the handbook is available as a free download from our. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any sizereduction requirements including, difference between opencast and trackless mining, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals. A trackless or mechanized mine refers to the use of rubber tired mobile equipment to advance the later development and haul the ore.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Our experience and expertise entails various mineral reef extraction methods and different stoping disciplines including narrow reef and high stoping width mining. Fanie has 21 years mining experience, he started his career as a trackless operator and held the position of mine overseer for 4 years before being recruited to join mms. The optimization of mining method and equipment saimm.
He described the various mining methods considered, andthe reasons forthechoice ofalonghole. It is possible however to use a dragline in combination with a. Mining methods in underground mining second edition 2007. As a trackless mining machinery and service supplier, sandvik mining has investigated. Mechanised, trackless development improves safety, production rates. Thanks in large part to the efforts by john chadwick of the mining journal, and many other members of the mining community, the hard rock miners handbook has been distributed to over 1 countries worldwide. While opencast operations are now fully mechanized employing large capacity earth moving equipment, introduction of machinery in underground workings has been gradual.
Mechanised, trackless development improves safety, production. Both methods are well suited to extracting the relatively flat coalbeds or coal seams typical of. The application of major hazard risk assessment mhra to. Economical models enable the evaluation of diverse mining methods, and development work was elaborated on and is available on the site. Deep underground hardrock mining bibliotheque et archives.
The application of major hazard risk assessment mhra to eliminate multiple fatality occurrences in the us minerals industry by a. The two industries ranked together as the primary or basic industries of early civilization. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. Underground mining methods are usually employed when the depth of the deposit andor the waste to ore ratio stripping ratio are. Difference between opencast and trackless mining products. Centers for disease control and prevention national institute for occupational safety and health spokane research laboratory spokane, wa. The extraction of pillars, largely by trackless mining. It is not an exact science and in the choice of a method each varying factor has a certain weight, which, in many cases, experience alone can determine. Tripathy department of mining engineering nit, rourkela769008. Yet, the method causes very little dilution as the contact between ore and waste is limited due to the waste being on top and ore being at the bottom.
A mining method based on natural support seeks to control rock mass displace. The extraction of pillars, largely by trackless mining methods, at. In canadian hardrock mines, trackless mining and sublevel sroping require the use. Mechanized bordandpillar mining is thus considered as a. Design and application of an efficient mining method for.
As a current student on this bumpy collegiate pathway, i stumbled upon course hero, where i can find study resources for nearly all my courses, get online help from tutors 247, and even share my old. Open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. Both methods have advantages and limitations and their. Pdf minerals and mineral products are the backbone of most industries. Team lead minex, india slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In any discussion of methods of underground mining comparison, one is repeatedly confronted with the difficulty of dealing with so many variable conditions. Some success had been achieved in the reduction of.
Dec 05, 2008 plotmaker mining methods blackout day presentation 5 th december 2008 venkat m. There have been a number of attempts to introduce different technologies into stoping, the most recent being trackless equipment. Here you will find, for each mine visited, the information collected on mining methods, challenges and innovative solutions, complete with documents, photos, plans and sketches. Matsui encyclopedia of life support systems eolss primitive hand operation to the mechanized and automated operation through the rapid progress of technology in production equipment and methods of extraction, leading to higher productivity and production. Mining method, surface mining, open pit mining, open cast mining, placer mining, solution mining, leaching, stripping. Examples of these new methods can be found in many. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. The xlp suite was tested at waterval from december 2003. Effective maintenance practices for mining equipments dr. With a heritage to be proud of and backed by 46 years of experience, electra mining africa is a showcase of the latest innovations across the mining, manufacturing, electrical and power industries. Nov 02, 2011 underground mining, underground mining methods. T riple m mining specializes in developing mineral ore bodies from various approaches and methods. Kaolin is used operation gross water use, gallons per ton net water use, gallons per ton comments crushing dust control 1 6 nominal. Terms and definitions any word, phrase or term of which the meaning is not absolutely clear or.
Pamwe mining services is your partner of choice for the provision of after market services related to underground trackless equipment support. Compared to other mining methods, roomandpillar mining is a lowcost method with a low recovery rate since some ore is left behind in pillars. Anfoemulsion charger todays fast track mining methods require the timely supply of diesel fuel, oils and lubricants. Tunnels and underground excavations tunneling techniques. Use of labour is much lower as compared to hybrid and conventional mining methods.
Pdf there are occasionally deposits with a potential of exploiting by a combined mining of open pit and underground. Pdf mining method selection and optimization of transition from. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss surface mining methods and equipment j. The extraction of pillars, largely by trackless mining methods, at randfontein estates gold mining company witwatersrand ltd by cam albert foster sweet a disertation submitted to the faculty of engineering, university of the vtwatersrand for. Coal is an organic sediment consisting of a complex mixture of substances. Often the problem is approached with flexibility toward changes in design and in construction methods and with continuous exploration ahead of the tunnel face, done in older tunnels by mining a pilot bore ahead and now by drilling. Underground infrastructure mining methods used underground are adapted to the rock conditions, and the shape, dimensions, strength and stability of the orebody.
Underground mining methods previous next the choice of an underground mining method depends on a range of factors and these include. Having the destress within the trackless target horizon maximizes the destress envelope. With the improvements in trackless low profile machinery it is now possible to safely produce at a significantly reduced cost, and improved productivity. Mechanized bordandpillar mining is thus considered as a supplement to conventional mining, which accounts for the majority of current mining. Plotmaker mining methods blackout day presentation 5 th december 2008 venkat m. Mechanised mining method refers to the use of trackless mechanised mining tmm equipment for both development and stope mining.
Three trackless mining methods are used, viz, the direct trucking, conveyordecline, and ore spiral methods. The choice of an underground mining method depends on a range of factors and these include. As a trackless mining machinery and service supplier, sandvik mining has investigated ways to overcome the challenge of. Water control in underground mines grouting or drainage. Kaolin clay mining and processing serve as an example.
Experience in the field of development covers both footwall off reef development as well as on reef development in different disciplines. Acp anglo converter process, mcp magnetic concentrator plant, bmr base metals. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Pdf the bousquet 2 mine is a trackless bulkmining operation utilizing both transverse and longitudinal stoping techniques. Review of successes and failures of mechanisation trials. Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd.